Are you preparing to develop a plot of land? It is imperative to have a topographic plan before starting any construction. This thorough map clearly illustrates the site’s layout by displaying the land’s features, boundaries, and elevations.
To ensure that the design fits the land’s natural shape, architects and builders can better understand the terrain with the aid of a topographic plan. It draws attention to significant features that may have an impact on the construction process, such as slopes, trees, and existing structures.
Having a topographic plan facilitates the process of acquiring the required licenses. This information is frequently needed by local authorities in order to approve development projects. It guarantees that the environmental and zoning laws will be met by your project.
A topographic plan is an essential first step in building any kind of structure, be it residential, commercial, or otherwise. It establishes the framework for an efficient and fruitful building process.
Aspect | Description |
Definition | A detailed map showing the features of a land plot |
Purpose | Helps in planning construction projects and ensuring legal compliance |
Contents | Includes boundaries, buildings, vegetation, roads, and utilities |
Usage | Used by architects, builders, and surveyors for site analysis |
Preparation | Conducted by a licensed surveyor or professional |
Importance | Essential for accurate project planning and avoiding legal issues |
- What is it and why is it compiled?
- Compilation
- Artist selection
- List of documents
- Coordinate systems
- Building a design document on a tablet
- Design features before upcoming construction
- Layout and nomenclature
- Security of minerals
- Application in Rosnedra
- Documents for obtaining an opinion
- View the topoplan online on a cadastral map
- Video on the topic
- Topographic plan
- Do-it-yourself topographic plan of the site for the upcoming development
- Documents for building a house on a private housing plot | GPZU | Topographic survey of the site | Geology
- Digital topographic survey of a land plot
What is it and why is it compiled?
An excellent topographic plan is essential to building and is required at several stages of the design process:
- Based on the topographic plan, a territory improvement project is created;
- Landscape design work is being carried out;
- The master plan of the site is approved;
- The volume of excavation work is calculated;
- A preliminary scheme for laying communications is created based on existing networks;
- Without a topographic plan, it is impossible to obtain permission for the construction or reconstruction of a building, or for the redevelopment of utility networks;
- The topoplan of the site allows you to establish the boundaries of land belonging to different owners and forever stop land disputes between neighbors;
- The layout of special equipment and storage facilities at various stages of construction is being thought through.
Compilation
Building design becomes extremely challenging without a topographic site plan, which is an essential document during construction. There are various kinds of topoplans, and the scale, accuracy, and marking guidelines will vary based on why they are being prepared.
Topographic plan types based on scale:
- Scale plans 1:1000 or 1:2000 needed for designing a master plan for a small village or for laying an extended linear facility (road, railways, pipelines, etc.).d.). When an object intersects with existing buildings or utility networks at nodes, more detailed plans are drawn up on a scale of 1:500, the height of the relief section is up to 1.0 m;
- Scale 1:500 chosen for designing single structures or solving land issues. The height of the relief section is within 0.5 m;
- 1:50, 1:100, 1:200. Such plans are drawn up for small areas; landscape designers use them to create a detailed design document for landscaping the area. The height of the relief section varies from 0.1 to 0.25 m;
- 1:5000 and 1:10,000 – this is a scale for creating a general plan of a city, town or large-scale linear object of great length. The height of the relief section is within 1.0 m.
Artist selection
You can order a topographic plan for personal use (small object construction or landscape planning) from an organization that isn’t licensed to perform geodetic work. Although it won’t be legally binding and can’t be used to resolve land-related disputes, the document will be reasonably priced.
These kinds of plans are typically created by companies that offer landscape design services.
You should get in touch with qualified experts if you need a card that has legal force.
Selection criteria for artists:
- Providing a complete package of turnkey services by one company greatly speeds up the process of obtaining results;
- The company providing geodetic services must be independent; you should not trust topographic surveys to realtors and partners in land transactions;
- It is necessary to have high-quality certified equipment that is timely tested and configured.
List of documents
The company performing the geodetic survey will need the following paperwork from the client before beginning work:
- Confirmation of rights to a land plot;
- Power of attorney;
- Similar terms of reference for the ordered work;
- Results of previous geodetic surveys, if available;
- Cadastral passport (if available);
- The individual additionally provides a photocopy of the passport (page spread with photo and registration);
- The legal entity provides a copy of the constituent documents.
Coordinate systems
The coordinate system of your choice must be chosen when ordering a topographic survey of a site. You can locate any point on the map and terrain thanks to this.
- Geographical. A coordinate system with which you can find any point and object on the globe. It is used to compile topographic maps of the area; the geographic coordinate system is not used in construction due to its bulkiness.
- Local systems of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation serve to document the boundaries of the land plot, the location of the designed building and communications. This system serves to ensure legal relations on land issues. The report start point is linked to geographic coordinates.
- Conditional. Used when drawing up small-scale plans, indispensable in landscape design. The starting point of the report is a corner point on the site, tied to geographic or local coordinates, allowing you to find the site on the globe.
Two elevation systems are used when drawing topographic plans:
- Baltic or absolute system was adopted back in the USSR, the zero of the Kronstadt foot rod was taken as the starting point. The normal heights of Russian benchmarks are calculated from this point.
- Conditional height system is used for one section, one of the points is taken as zero, tied to the absolute system and then work with conditional values.
Building a design document on a tablet
The smallest area of the map is called a topographic tablet, and its scale is determined by the task at hand.
Procedure for planning:
- Work on constructing terrain plans using a tablet begins with drawing a coordinate grid.
- All captured points with designated heights are plotted on the grid.
- The points are connected to obtain terrain objects.
- After identifying and plotting existing objects, contour lines are drawn at points with marked heights.
Prior to applying the captured objects, the diagonals must differ by less than 0.2 mm in order to verify that the coordinate grid was applied correctly.
Any land development project needs a topographic plan, which provides a detailed map displaying the features and elevations of the land. This plan assists engineers, builders, and architects in identifying possible obstacles, understanding the terrain, and creating structures that blend in with the surroundings. Developers can ensure better planning, avoid costly mistakes, and comply with regulations by using accurate topographic data. A topographic plan is essential for any successful land development, regardless of the size of the property—from a small residential to a large commercial site.
Design features before upcoming construction
The topoplan creation process entails three primary steps:
Phase One: Readiness:
- Collection of documents;
- Coordination of technical specifications with the customer;
- Obtaining a work permit;
- Analysis of provided topographic plans and results of previous surveys.
Phase two: field work
- Reconnaissance of the area, search for communication objects hidden from view;
- Coordinate reference;
- Surveying the area using geodetic equipment;
- Surveying of engineering communication networks.
Third: handling the results of the survey
- Systematization of captured data;
- Planning;
- Preparation of a progress report.
The customer receives a report and a final topographic plan, both on paper and in digital format, once all the work is finished.
When there is no snow on the ground, field work can be done; otherwise, the results of the shots could be off.
Layout and nomenclature
Large or extremely detailed topographic plans cannot fit on one sheet; instead, they are divided into separate sheets using layout guidelines and given titles known as nomenclature for ease of reference.
The layout guidelines will change based on the plan’s size. Use the international marking system on large area maps:
The globe is divided into sectors that are 4 by 6 degrees, as seen in Figure 1. Meridians form columns and parallels form belts; the latter are numbered counterclockwise beginning at the Greenwich meridian and denoted by Latin letters. Let us consider the N-37 sector as an example.
Progressively smaller scales produced by splitting large-scale maps up into a predetermined amount of pieces. Smaller sector designations are added to the main map’s 1:1,000,000 nomenclature.
The process of organizing topographic maps and plans and creating their nomenclature is shown in Figure 2.
Plans 1:500,000, 1:300,000, 1:200,000, and 1:100,000 are derived from the largest map 1:1,000,000 by splitting the original map into 4, 9, 36, and 144 parts, respectively. In the first case, the sectors are numbered A, B, C, and D; for the last scale, Arabic numbering is used. In other situations, Roman numerals are used to identify the resulting segments.
Plans that are smaller than twenty kilometers square use a rectangular layout. In order to accomplish this, every sheet in the 1:5000 plan is divided into four sections, each with a scale of 1:2000 and a Russian alphabet letter assigned to it. These sections are then added to the overall number of the large plan.
Other, more precise scales are indicated using Topoplans 1:2000 as a base:
- 1:1000 obtained by dividing the 1:2000 plan into 4 parts, numbered in Arabic numerals.
- For getting 1:500 the main map is divided into 16 parts and indicated by numbers.
Security of minerals
Article 25 of the Russian Federation’s "On Peresa" Law, dated 21.01.92, No. 2395-1, states that the establishment of subterranean utilities on mineral territory is forbidden without specific authorization.
It is vital to determine whether minerals are absent before beginning the construction of a building, an economic building, or selecting a location for the future construction of a new village. The Federal Organization "Rosnedra," which is in charge of considering minerals on Russian Federation territory, is able to issue it.
Application in Rosnedra
Applications for the service are open to any interested individual or legal entity. Thirty-five working days after registering the application, the service must be provided. Five working days are allotted for registration. It is not appropriate to charge you for getting a conclusion.
How to send in an application:
- Personally;
- With the help of a legal representative;
- By mail;
- Through the Internet.
The outcome of the service is delivered to the designated mailing address.
Documents for obtaining an opinion
Original application sent in paper or electronic format without return; if submitted electronically, the application needs to be completed, signed (legal entities need a stamp), scanned, and sent. Information about the applicant is included in the application, including their full name, passport details, mailing address, and phone number.
A copy of a topographic plan, or more detailed plan, created at a scale of 1:10,000 by a licensed organization. The corner points’ geographic coordinates must be shown on the plan.
View the topoplan online on a cadastral map
Any natural or legal person can access any website online to obtain information if needed.
The public cadastral map is a useful tool for banks, insurance companies, realtors, courts, and other organizations. It covers every topic in the Russian Federation. Recency and dependability of cadastral maps are the responsibility of Rosreestr, the official body that holds them.
The following data is available in the public domain on public cards:
- Date of entry into the register;
- Address;
- Cadastral value;
- Square;
- Type of ownership;
- Object status.
Ordering an extract from the cadastral register will provide you with all of the object’s details.
A land plot’s topographic plan must be understood for development to be successful. It offers a thorough map of the area, emphasizing characteristics like hills, valleys, and natural elements. This aids in efficiently organizing the building process, guaranteeing that the land is utilized to its fullest potential and that any possible problems are resolved in advance.
Proper topographic data enables developers to plan buildings, install drainage, and design landscapes with knowledge. It also assists in obtaining the required permits and ensuring compliance with zoning regulations. Developers can produce designs that are harmonious with the environment and more aesthetically pleasing by taking into account the natural features of the land.
Money can be saved and problems in the future can be avoided by devoting time and resources to a thorough topographic survey. This is a step that, while it may seem time-consuming at first, becomes very helpful as the project goes on. Knowing the topography of your property will help the development process go more smoothly and produce a better end product, whether you are a professional developer or a homeowner planning a small project.