Well caisson, types, installation, characteristics

A well caisson is a crucial part of keeping your well producing a consistent flow of water. These constructions are meant to keep your well stable, shield it from outside pollutants, and make maintenance simple. The longevity and effectiveness of your water system depend on your ability to understand well caissons, whether you’re installing a new well or renovating an old one.

Well caissons come in a variety of forms, each with special characteristics appropriate for various requirements and settings. The most popular varieties are caissons made of plastic, steel, and concrete. While steel caissons offer superior durability and resistance to harsh conditions, concrete caissons provide strong protection and are perfect for deep wells. Plastic caissons are a popular option for many homeowners because they are corrosion-resistant, lightweight, and simple to install.

The first step in installing a well caisson is excavating the well shaft to the necessary depth. After that, the caisson is lowered into the shaft and fastened. It is essential to seal the well properly to keep contaminants out. This procedure calls for accuracy and knowledge, frequently requiring expert assistance to guarantee everything is completed correctly and safely.

The size, composition, and sealing capacity of a well caisson are important factors that affect how well it performs. A well-selected caisson will improve your well’s effectiveness and safety while supplying clean water for many years to come. When choosing a caisson, it’s crucial to take your needs into account by taking into account elements like the local climate, soil type, and depth of the water table.

Any property owner who depends on a well for their water supply would be wise to invest in a high-quality well caisson. Through comprehension of the various varieties accessible, the procedure for installation, and the essential attributes to consider, you can make knowledgeable choices that safeguard your water supply and enhance the overall efficacy of your well system.

Types of caissons

• Blocks and concrete. strong and resistant to corrosion constructions. can be created using prefabricated rings or by filling formwork with concrete mixture. • Metal. Strength levels are also high. Installation is easy, but even with stainless steel, the design needs to be protected from corrosion. • Polymer. lightweight and incredibly simple to set up. The caisson itself has a high cost.

Plastic caisson

The least expensive approach is to install plastic caissons. A chamber with a maximum diameter of 1.5 meters and a maximum height of 2.5 meters is called a caisson. available both with and without a lid. Benefits of a caisson made of plastic: • Tightness; • Lightweight design. • There is no chance of corrosion. • Installation may be completed by one person because the equipment is lightweight. Composed of a secure polymer. • The average service life is 50 years. • Simple to maintain and install.

Drawbacks include: • Installation for shallow well depth; • High risk of deformation due to seasonal compression of soils; and • High cost. The following is how plastic caissons are installed: Dig a pit surrounding the casing pipe, making sure that it is 30 to 50 centimeters wider than the container. 2. Sand needs to be added to the bottom of the hole and well compacted. 3. The casing pipe is trimmed to the pit’s height. 4. The pipe is placed beneath the caisson.

1. Provides a lid for sealing.
2. Check the vertical installation of the caisson.
3. The outside of the caisson is foamed. Polyurethane foam secures the caisson to the base and serves as thermal insulation.
4. Compact the pit with a mixture of sand and cement.

Crucial! Sand compaction is insufficient when groundwater is near the groundwater level. The pit’s bottom needs to be made using pouring or strengthened with a concrete slab. The concrete will prevent erosion of the soil beneath the caisson when water flows into the pit.

Concrete caisson

One of the most popular methods for installing a well caisson is to install a concrete caisson. One benefit of concrete caissons is their durability. • Design simplicity. • Resistance to wear. • There is no corrosion. • Any depth of mounting. The layout has several drawbacks: • If pre-made concrete rings are used, the weight of the structure makes caisson installation more challenging. • Installation requires specialized equipment. To fill the pit with rings, you’ll need a tap. • The requirement for more sealing work. If you use pouring, you can install a concrete caisson in a well with your hands.

Caisson installation diagram:
1. Preparatory work. Includes determining the size of the container and the depth of groundwater. If they are close, then the caisson must be completely sealed with a poured floor. Otherwise, crushed stone backfill is sufficient to construct the bottom.
2. Digging a pit around the casing. The walls of the pit are covered with film to protect against the flow of groundwater. Crushed stone is compacted at the bottom of the pit or concrete is poured.
Note! The height of the crushed stone cushion must be at least 15 cm. It is better to take the smallest fraction, it is better subject to compaction.
3. Installation of reinforcement mesh. They retreat about 8 cm from the walls of the pit and knit a mesh with a pitch of 30×30. When pouring in stages, the mesh is knitted in parts; when pouring completely, the mesh is knitted immediately to the entire height of the pit.
4. Installation of formwork.
5. Pouring concrete mixture, tamping.
6. The concrete must harden completely.
7. Remove formwork.

Crucial! It is preferable to use film to cover the formwork boards. They will be better isolated from the concrete’s hardening in this manner.

1. Making holes for pipes with a hammer drill.
2. Metal sleeves are inserted into the holes according to the size of the pipes.
3. Installation of pipes in sleeves.
4. Sealing holes by foaming.
5. The pipes must be taken out of the caisson to the length required for connection.
6. Forming the caisson cover. For it, they also make formwork for pouring with the calculation of the subsequent sealing of the hatch.
7. After the concrete has dried, the formwork is removed and the hatch is installed. It"s better to make it out of metal. Can be built from strong wood coated with a moisture-resistant compound. The disadvantage of a wooden structure is that you cannot install a pipe for ventilation in it.
8. The caisson must be sealed from the inside with tar.

Metal caisson

It takes welding expertise to install a metal caisson for a well. Benefits of a caisson made of metal: • Strength of structure. • Any depth of mounting. • Any dimensions. Both square and round caissons are possible. • Working on projects on your own.

Flaws:
• Risk of corrosion.
• Additional metal protection work.
Installation of the metal caisson is carried out in the following order:
1. The foundation pit is being prepared with mandatory concreting of the bottom.
2. A design drawing is created on paper with all dimensions.
3. The caisson parts (cover, walls, bottom and hatch) are cut from sheet steel according to previously established dimensions.
4. Vertical walls are reinforced from the outside with channels. Pieces of channel 10 cm high are welded on the outside every 50 cm. The height of the channel should be greater if the caisson is mounted to a greater depth.
5. A hole is cut in the bottom according to the diameter of the casing pipe.
6. Two holes are made in the caisson cover. One for a hatch measuring 60×60 cm, the other with a diameter of 10 cm for ventilation.

The message! A welding machine is required for both cutting and welding when installing a metal caisson. Using a gas welder is preferable since it makes cutting out holes and parts easy.

1. Weld the structural parts together and install the caisson in the pit.
2. The container is connected to the concrete base with anchor bolts.
3. The gap between the casing pipe and the container is sealed with concreting or high-strength polyurethane foam.
4. Welding the hatch.
5. The outside of the container must be coated with bitumen or tar to protect against corrosion.
6. The inside of the caisson must be covered with enamel.

Crucial! Nitro enamel is not to be used in any situation. You run the risk of becoming poisoned if you paint a toxic composition inside a container.

1. A pipe or a rod handle must be welded into the hatch cover to ensure free opening.
2. The pipe must also be welded into the ventilation hole to the required height, taking into account the maximum snow cover.
3. Pipes and manhole cover are painted to protect against corrosion.
4. Filling with a cement-sand mixture or backfilling the pit with crushed stone.

In order to service the equipment on any kind of caisson, a ladder must be able to be installed.

A well caisson is an essential part of building a water well because it provides a strong, long-lasting framework that guarantees a clean water supply and guards against contamination. There are several kinds of caissons that are appropriate for different soil types and water table depths, such as open, pneumatic, and box caissons. In order to guarantee stability and effectiveness, installing a well caisson usually necessitates meticulous planning and execution of excavation, placement, and sealing procedures. Well caissons are critical components for dependable water access in residential and commercial properties because of their material composition, size, and longevity-promoting techniques.

In conclusion, a well caisson is a crucial part of making sure a well produces a dependable and clean water supply. It shields the well from outside pollutants, makes maintenance simple, and helps the well last longer. Homeowners can choose the best caisson material for their needs and local conditions by being aware of the various caisson types, including plastic, steel, and concrete.

Even though it involves some technical know-how, installing a well caisson can be a doable task with the right planning. To ensure a successful installation, make sure the seal is watertight and that the placement and depth are correct. Seeking expert advice or adhering to thorough instructions can help steer clear of typical pitfalls and guarantee the well operates at its best.

Consideration should be given careful thought to important well caisson attributes like affordability, ease of maintenance, and durability. The choice will be influenced by a number of factors, including personal preferences, soil conditions, and budget, as each type of caisson material has advantages and disadvantages. Homeowners can select a solution that offers peace of mind and long-term benefits by weighing these factors.

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