Establishing a sturdy and dependable base is essential for any building endeavor. The use of FBS blocks, or "foundation blocks of solid concrete," is a common method for building sturdy foundations. These blocks provide a strong and useful option for a variety of building kinds.
FBS blocks are renowned for being highly durable and simple to assemble. Because they are made of heavy-duty concrete, they can support a variety of structures and withstand large loads. Because of this, they are a great option for strip foundations, which are frequently found in both commercial and residential structures.
Using FBS blocks, we will examine the elements that comprise a strip foundation in this article. You’ll discover the advantages of this technique, the supplies needed, and how to build a foundation step-by-step using these blocks. A basic understanding of FBS block foundations can help you make wise decisions and guarantee the success of your build, regardless of whether you’re a do-it-yourself enthusiast or organizing a professional project.
Component | Description |
FBS Blocks | Precast concrete blocks used for the foundation walls. |
Concrete | Used to bind the blocks together and provide additional strength. |
Rebar | Steel reinforcement bars embedded in concrete for added structural support. |
Gravel | Placed under the blocks for drainage and stability. |
Waterproofing | Applied to the foundation walls to prevent moisture penetration. |
Drainage System | Installed around the foundation to redirect water away from the structure. |
- What are FBS blocks?
- What requirements must they meet for a strip foundation?
- Advantages and disadvantages
- Burying depth
- Device technology
- Preparing the trench
- Arrangement of the sole
- Installation of formwork
- Reinforcement
- Filling the pillow
- Installation of blocks
- Waterproofing
- Insulation
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What are FBS blocks?
The term "foundation blocks of solid section" is represented by the acronym FBS. These are briquettes of reinforced concrete in various sizes that are used, just like bricks, to assemble a strip foundation of any length.
The only standard products that can be used are those that are produced on-site using unique technology in compliance with GOST and technical standards. FBS appears externally as a rectangular-shaped concrete block with a floor on one side.
A small rectangular recess on the end side can be used as a socket or for pouring mortar when installing vertical elements. Two loops on the upper plane allow lifting equipment to be engaged during installation.
They are bent and firmly pressed to the plane after the block is laid. When put together, the blocks form a canvas that is densely packed; to ensure maximum strength, the vertical joints are arranged randomly.
Sand-cement mortar is used to join the components together.
When building a house, a strip foundation composed of FBS blocks is a dependable and strong option. These pre-cast concrete blocks provide exceptional strength and stability when arranged in a continuous strip beneath load-bearing walls. They are perfect for a variety of soil types, quick to install, and minimize construction time. By ensuring a sturdy foundation, FBS blocks help your home stay structurally sound and durable for a long time.
What requirements must they meet for a strip foundation?
The production of foundation blocks complies with GOST standards and technical specifications.
In accordance with their form, the blocks are separated into:
- Whole. They are basic briquettes with standard sizes.
- Additional. Used to fill areas of the tape where a whole block cannot be placed.
There are two choices for height:
Their values are actually rounded to 30 and 60 cm, respectively.
Breadth:
The blocks’ length is as follows:
FBS blocks vary not only in size but also in material:
- Expanded clay concrete or silicate concrete with a minimum density of 1800 kg/m3.
- High-strength lightweight concrete B100.
- High-strength heavy concrete grades M200-M500.
The substance also includes reinforcement composed of high-strength steel A1 or A111, as well as plasticizers that lessen the brittleness of concrete. Concrete’s resistance to frost can be increased by adding certain ingredients.
Different foundation block types exist, such as small-format briquettes measuring 40:20:20 cm (length:width:height). It makes it possible to work without the use of lifting equipment, but because of its many joints, it is not as strong and rigid as a tape and is therefore used less frequently.
Advantages and disadvantages
The following are some benefits of FBS blocks:
- Strength, high load-bearing capacity.
- High quality material obtained in modern technological conditions .
- The design of the blocks ensures optimal installation density, making the tape durable and resistant to external influences.
- The design of the elements is universal and allows the creation of foundations of any configuration.
- Work can be carried out at any time of the year, which significantly expands the possibilities in comparison with concrete casting.
- The time required to create the tape is significantly reduced compared to monolithic base design options due to the lack of a long curing period for concrete.
The following are drawbacks of FBS prefabricated foundations:
- Work cannot be done manually. Due to the large weight of the blocks, lifting equipment is required.
- Joint seams are problem areas regarding the strength and tightness of the tape.
- The heat-saving qualities of the blocks are relatively low.
- The price of such a foundation is noticeably higher than that of a monolithic type.
The primary factors contributing to the widespread acceptance and widespread use of their FBS tapes are their quick installation times and lack of reliance on seasonal weather patterns.
Burying depth
The kind of base that is used determines the tape’s depth. If a fully subterranean foundation is being constructed, the immersion level is established by the depth at which the soil freezes during the winter; this is a tabular value rather than a calculated one.
Because the base of a shallow FBS tape is above freezing level, it is submerged to a shallower depth. When constructing on non-heaving soils without clay or clay interlayers in the underlying layers, this option is permissible.
In this instance, the building’s mass and the blocks’ substantial weight can both work to counteract the weak forces caused by frost heaving.
The typical depth for installing a FBS shallow strip foundation is 0.6–0.7 m, which necessitates a trench depth of 0.8–1 m due to the thickness of the preparation layer.
A non-buried type of tape can be made where the tape is all on the day surface and a trench is only required to lay a layer of sand cushion. This option increases the possibility of maximum soil heaving forces but eliminates lateral impacts on the belt’s walls.
Device technology
The following is the process for creating a tape using FBS:
- Site preparation, removal of top fertile soil layer, marking.
- Digging a trench taking into account the width of the sole (base) of the tape.
- Creating a Sand Backfill Layer.
- Laying or pouring the sole.
- Assembling the main part of the strip foundation.
Various technological options are available for assembling the FBS tape, contingent on the soil properties, building dimensions, and other variables. While there might be some variations from the prescribed plan of action, the overall technology is still the same.
Preparing the trench
Digging a trench is the initial phase of the project. The top layer of soil is removed and the site is prepared. Stake out the area, make sure the trench’s axes and diagonals are equal, and then start digging.
The depth of the trench for the FBS tape accounts for the tape’s degree of immersion as well as the layers of the sand cushion and sole underneath. Normally, it is raised by 20 to 30 centimeters, but there might be other choices.
For instance, by placing a layer of geotextile on the bottom and pouring a sturdy reinforced concrete pad, you can avoid using sand bedding on reasonably dense, non-heaving soils. This support is ideal for laying blocks because of its density and level horizontal surface.
The requirement to keep a cushion in place while the concrete hardens is the lone disadvantage.
Arrangement of the sole
The tape’s sole ought to be as sturdy and dependable as possible in order to completely rule out the chance of subsidence. This can be accomplished by using regular sand cushion, a layer of monolithic casting, or foundation slabs with a trapezoidal cross-section (FL).
Exclusive duties:
- Leveling and ensuring horizontal for laying blocks.
- Creation of an expanded support platform, reducing the specific pressure of the belt on the ground and reducing the risk of subsidence.
- Reception and redistribution of heaving loads.
Using FL foundation slabs is a good option for base arrangement because they provide a wide, robust support and don’t need time for the concrete to harden.
The lack of sole rigidity that comes with a monolithic reinforced concrete casting is the drawback of this choice.
Installation of formwork
The complex concrete work must be finished in order to pour a monolithic base. Initially, put the formwork together.
Its width is the same as the sole’s design parameters, and the height of the shields is supposed to be marginally higher than the cushion’s actual height.
The panels are installed inside the trench and rest against the trench’s side walls. They are made from edged boards. To stop water from escaping the concrete, a layer of geotextile is placed on the bottom.
Reinforcement
To counteract tensile loads resulting from soil movement or heaving, a reinforcement cage installation is required. makes use of soft steel wire bonded to metal or composite reinforcement.
The armored belt’s measurements and arrangement match the sole’s design specifications, and it is made such that the working rods are only 2 to 5 cm below the concrete’s outer layers.
The size of the sole determines the thickness of the working rods, which typically range from 10 to 14 mm.
Filling the pillow
It is necessary to supply concrete from various locations rather than waiting for it to spread naturally the entire length of the trench. Air bubbles are eliminated during pouring by bayoneting or processing with a construction vibrating plate.
The heavier type M200 can be used if necessary. Concrete grades M100 or M150 are used.
Up until the concrete starts to set, filling must be done all at once. This is crucial because there is no other way to guarantee solidity; if you stop pouring, the entire process is pointless.
Installation of blocks
Block installation doesn’t start until the concrete pad has dried completely, which takes 28 days. The material strengthens structurally during this time and becomes able to support the weight of the FBS.
Sand-cement mortar is applied to both horizontal and vertical joints before the blocks are placed on top of it. There are offset vertical joints in the block laying. Short (extra) blocks that are cut to length are used to fill the rows.
Specialized diamond cutting tools are used for cutting.
Waterproofing
To stop water from seeping into the concrete, a waterproofing layer is applied to the finished tape’s surface.
As an insulator, materials like hot tar, premade bitumen mastic, or others are utilized.
Every surface, including the interior sections of the ventilation apertures, needs to be insulated.
Insulation
The act of applying heat-insulating tape to a surface is called insulation. Extruded polystyrene foam (penoplex) is the best option; polystyrene foam is a little worse. They don’t rot and are impermeable to water, which is crucial in challenging operating environments.
One option is liquid polyurethane foam, which is more costly but offers maximum tightness and is a very effective insulation. From the inside out, the material is firmly applied to the tape’s surface, leaving no gaps or fissures.
Any gaps discovered need to have foam filled in right away.
Useful video
This video will show you how to assemble FBS blocks into a strip foundation:
Using FBS blocks to build a strip foundation provides a sturdy and dependable base for a variety of building types. These concrete blocks are highly capable of supporting a large load. Building a solid foundation can be completed faster and easier with the use of FBS blocks.
The durability of FBS blocks is one of their primary advantages. They can withstand changes in temperature and moisture, among other environmental factors. They are therefore a fantastic option for places with severe weather.
Furthermore, FBS blocks are adaptable. They can be used for a variety of construction projects and are available in different sizes. These building blocks can be customized to fit your needs, regardless of the size of the structure you’re building.
In conclusion, FBS block strip foundations are a useful and effective option for a variety of building projects. They are a preferred option for builders due to their strength, resilience, and adaptability. You can make sure your foundation is sturdy by selecting FBS blocks.