What is it and what is the pattern for laying one and a half bricks??

As the structural basis for buildings and other structures, bricklaying is a fundamental skill in construction. Bricks can be laid in a pattern of one and a half bricks as one common technique. This technique adds to the structure’s visual appeal while also guaranteeing its strength and stability.

The one and a half brick pattern is a method of laying bricks in which the layers are staggered to form a strong bond. This pattern is especially well-liked for thicker, more resilient walls, which are frequently utilized for load-bearing walls and other important structural elements of a building. To guarantee that the bricks are laid properly and the structure is secure, the process calls for meticulous planning and accuracy.

Gaining an understanding of the fundamentals of this bricklaying pattern can be very helpful for both DIY enthusiasts and professional builders. It is a preferred option for many building projects because it enables a more secure and aesthetically pleasing construction. The intricacies of laying one and a half bricks will be discussed in this article, along with a step-by-step tutorial to help you become proficient in this crucial building technique.

What is it and how is it produced?

It offers wall structure widths of 380 mm, which satisfies SNIP requirements for residential buildings with a maximum height of six stories.

In the masonry scheme, a whole brick as well as its components—0.5, 0.25, and 0.75—are used. The components are hammer-picked from blocks that have flaws. The strength characteristics of the entire structure are generally increased when vertical and transverse construction seams are avoided through the use of small pieces.

Control the vertical and horizontal alignment of the corner rows once the two rows of bricks have been laid; to do this, use a level to lay the first row, making one thick seam at the base. The main walls are built after the corners are laid out in four rows.

Only spoon or spoon rows combined with bonded rows are used in this scheme. First, nails are inserted into the seam of one high-rise row in order to pull the cord.

In order to regulate the masonry’s level and direction, the cord will serve two purposes. Intermediate beacons are installed if the span being built is fairly large. It is advised to install bricks with smooth surfaces and straight edges for external masonry walls. Defective blocks are backfilled.

Laying 1.5 bricks is regarded as responsible construction work, and if masons of the 3rd or 4th category can construct ordinary walls, then more experienced builders of the 5th or 6th category are trusted to raise the house’s corners.

When and why it is used?

The logical and justifiable approach to building high-rise structures in the temperate regions of central Russia is this one. Wall masonry 1.5 bricks with an external main wall size of 380 mm ensure the strength, durability, and resistance to wear and tear of the home.

The total of the block dimensions—width, length, and joint thickness—up to 10 mm is the estimated wall width. Northern climates will need thicker walls, which can be achieved by building walls made of bricks that are 2, 2.5, and 3 in thickness or by adding an additional layer of thermal insulation.

Once a feasibility study of the chosen option has been completed, the final decision should be made during the design work.

To prevent the brick blocks from shattering in half, a unique placement plan was created: The long side’s facade features a spoon-shaped installation that alternates between the rows. The master draws up the rows among themselves, moving the bricks on each subsequent row.

When and where its use is inappropriate and why?

Masonry 1.5 bricks are costly, require highly skilled workers to install, and place a significant load on the foundation, so there must be good cause to use them.

Situations in which Masonry in 1.5 bricks is not used during wall construction:

• climatic – for the southern regions and northern regions;
• Buildings of buildings-for objects below 4 floors and above 6 floors;
• for supporting internal walls;
• for unnecessary internal walls;
• for auxiliary household objects;
• For slightly wearing columns.

Features and rules of creation

Only the corners of the house building are used to start this kind of masonry. Initially, the base is sealed to keep moisture out of the wall. First, the components are mounted perpendicular to the surface to be laid.

Nails are hammered into the masonry joint between two blocks, and a mooring is fastened to them to mark the first row for up to five meters. At a distance of more than 10 meters, extra beacons are positioned every 5 meters to keep it from sagging.

Dimensions and parameters of a brick wall

Brick houses can be designed with their dimensions in mind because of the modular standard size of brick, which establishes the dimensions of wall structures. Most brick object interfaces are standardized as a result of the standardization of brick dimensions, allowing for the use of pre-made solutions in a range of applications.

Owing to the uniformity of bricks, masonry with 1.5 bricks produces a wall measuring 380 mm. This wall is composed of 250 mm of length and 120 mm of width, with a 10 mm laying mortar situated in between.

Every common brick size, including regular (65 mm) and thick (88 mm), has standardized vertical characteristics as well. While 12 mm laying joints are permitted by design standards, in actuality, they are more like 10 to 15 mm. The reinforced mesh used to reinforce brickwork is arranged in horizontal rows, increasing the seam’s thickness from 12 to 16 mm.

For regular bricks, the wall height will be a multiple of 77: 77; 154;… 462; and for enhanced modification, after 100; 200;… 500 and so forth. Consequently, 10 rows of a reinforced block are equivalent to 13 rows of a standard block.

When building brick walls, it is crucial to consider the wall masonry’s specific gravity while accounting for the weight of the mortar. The indicator is based on the brick’s specific gravity and has a dimension of kg/m3.

Blocks’ specific gravity, which ranges from 650 to 1900 kg/m3, is dependent on the manufacturing location, technology, and component parts. The wall structures will be stronger and more resilient the higher the indicator.

Requirements for building materials

The most widely used building material for homes is brick; hundreds of producers offer products with unique features. The developer must become familiar with its production parameters before buying it to ensure that they adhere to GOST regulations.

The most significant one is:

1. Strength characterizes the ability of a brick to withstand external natural factors without destroying the structure. This characteristic is marked "M". For wall structures of residential buildings, bricks of M – 150 and M-200 are allowed, which corresponds to a compressive strength of 150 and 200 kg/cm2, respectively. The brand of brick is also characterized by bending strength, which for the above modifications is respectively 22 and 34 kg/cm2.
2. Heat resistance should be from 0.5 to 0.8 W/m*K and characterizes the ability of the wall to retain heat in the house.
3. Moisture absorption is set at 6-14%, this is a high figure, but the porous structure of the brick cannot guarantee less, therefore, during the construction of walls, waterproofing will be required, which, as a rule, is performed in the process of thermal insulation of external walls.
4. Frost resistance is set at F50 and must provide at least 50 wall freezing/thawing cycles.
5. The vapor permeability of brick corresponds to 0.14-0.17 Mg/(m*h*Pa).
6. Brick shrinkage is not higher than 0.1 mm/m, for this reason cracks in brick buildings are quite rare.
7. Soundproofing walls in 1.5 bricks provide protection of 50 dB, which corresponds to SNiP.
8. The fire resistance of a brick should provide resistance to direct flame exposure for more than 5 hours; in practice, this figure is higher and reaches 10 hours.

Scheme

Brick walls consisting of 1.5 units can be laid using either single-row or multi-row ligation. The first, which is thought to be stronger and more long-lasting, entails switching the tie and spoon rows from the wall’s outer section as long as the following fundamental guidelines are followed:

• the rows at the top and bottom are laid with the ends facing outwards;
• the longitudinal seams in the following rows are shifted by 1/2 a brick, the transverse ones by 1/4;
• the blocks of the upper row overlap the vertical seams of the lower one.

This method of laying has a major disadvantage in that it requires a lot of incomplete bricks, increasing the labor intensity of the construction process and the amount of mortar used.

In order to perform multi-row dressing, follow this row pattern:

• the first – "spoon-spoon";
• the second – "spoon-spoon";
• from 3 to 6 – laying only with spoons with the joints being tied in 1/2 a brick;
• from the 7th row, the actions are repeated from the first row.

In comparison to a single-row pattern, multi-row dressing has the highest productivity and requires the fewest incomplete bricks; however, its strength is slightly lower.

Since corners are the foundation upon which all other walls are built, even the smallest errors in their placement can cause harm to the geometric shapes, reducing the structure’s ability to support weight and its useful life.

In 1.5 brick technology, corners are constructed 4 rows ahead of schedule. In order to install the order and set the cord, this is necessary. When laying rows in this situation, it is possible to preserve horizontality as precisely as possible.

The following is the proper arrangement for placing one and a half bricks:

How many pieces will be needed?

To figure out how much building material a two-story house in a 10 x 10 m plan will require:

1. Determine the perimeter along the external walls: 10x 2+ 10 x2 = 40 m.
2. At a height of 3.00 meters, area of ​​wall structures: 40 x 3.0 = 120 m2.
3. Window and door area – 11 m2.
4. When laying 1.5 bricks, the wall thickness is 380 mm.
5. According to the table, it is chosen that 1 m2 of walls is 1.5 bricks required 189 bricks
6. Brick consumption: (120-11)* 189 = 20601 pieces.
7. Mortar consumption taking into account a mortar joint 5mm thick: 5.263 m3.

Step-by-step installation procedure without insulation

The artisans start working on the walls once all of the building supplies have been delivered to the location, the tools have been ready, and the foundation has been built. Waterproofing is applied to the foundation first.

How to lay 1.5-inch DIY brick walls:

1. First, corners are created with an increase of 4 rows.
2. Side blocks are laid perpendicularly and controlled with a special square. Seam control is performed using a spiked spatula.
3. Next, we begin to form the basic row. On the inside the block is laid flat, on the outside it is placed on its edge.
4. After the 1st row is formed, the 2nd column is raised and so on along the entire perimeter of the building.
5. Inner layer of masonry in 1.5 bricks are similar in principle with the formation of corners, but the technological approaches are different.
6. The laying is carried out simultaneously on 2 layers of the wall, leveling the inner surface along the nylon thread.
7. The next row is shifted by 1/2 the width of the block.
8. The first elements are laid perpendicular to each other, the 1st row of masonry is carried out along a stretched cord.
9. The butt plane is placed outside the wall.
10. In the 1st row, blocks are placed inside with the spoon part. The outer plane of the wall looks like half a brick, and the inside looks like a brick.
11. The bricks are laid at a short distance from each other on freshly laid masonry mortar.
12. To ensure uniformity of the solution level, each subsequent block is shifted slightly back and slightly moved along the plane back and forth.
13. After which the block is mixed to the previously installed one, and the mortar is pushed into the interbrick joint with the butting surface to ensure a high-quality vertical joint.
14. Next, firmly press the block in the vertical direction, aligning it with the rest, and tap the trowel handle in the center, avoiding angular distortion.
15. Remove unnecessary mortar from the surface with a trowel.
16. Reinforcing mesh is laid on all subsequent 5th rows.
17. For reliable ligation of seams, in places with vertical restrictions, at the points of intersection and abutment of wall structures, partial bricks are used.

How and with what to insulate?

Typically, the wall is 1.5 bricks thick on the outside, allowing you to maximize the effectiveness of the protective measures you have put in place. This wall also provides vapor permeability, water and noise insulation, and thermal protection.

Nearly every kind of insulating material can be used with brick; the developer’s preferences, the local climate, and the project budget will all influence the material selection.

For a home with walls stacked at an angle of 1.5, the most common heat-insulating materials are:

1. Minvata — inexpensive, highly effective, complex insulation, has two types of protection for heat and sound insulation. Fire resistant material. There is only one significant drawback – high moisture absorption capacity; such an insulator requires mandatory additional waterproofing and wind protection.
2. Heat-protective plaster used for southern regions where a thick insulating layer is not required. The material has high thermal characteristics, and is also non-flammable, waterproof, vapor permeable and noise insulating. Disadvantage – high price and layer no higher than 50 mm.
3. Expanded polystyrene the most affordable heat-protective material with low water absorption coefficient. Its use is hampered by increased flammability with the release of toxic substances and almost complete vapor permeability. Among the disadvantages, it is worth noting the low ability to transmit steam and high flammability.
4. Penoplex — an improved heat insulator that does not have the disadvantages of polystyrene foam, is more durable, does not propagate combustion, and is universal in use. Easy to install and has several modifications for walls, facade, roof and with acoustic protection.

Possible difficulties and errors in the process

Only highly skilled masons are capable of constructing walls with this intricate form of masonry. The primary challenges stem from the necessity of precisely forming angles.

Most typical errors made when installing 1.5-brick walls:

• low quality bricks with a density of less than 650 kg/m3, curved edges, defects and different geometric dimensions are used in construction;
• the insulation layer between the base and the wall is not completed;
• when raising corners, the rule of perpendicularity of the first blocks is not fulfilled;
• no reinforcing layer;
• The layout of the butt and spoon sides has not been completed.

By overlapping bricks in a particular pattern to ensure stability and durability, the construction technique known as "laying one and a half bricks" is used to create strong, thick walls. This technique involves staggered brick placement, where each row is offset from the one below it to improve the integrity of the structure and distribute weight evenly. It is essential for builders to comprehend the pattern and correct alignment in order to create a sturdy wall that can endure a variety of environmental stresses.

Advantages and disadvantages

The most popular method of wall structure laying is 1.5 bricks per brick, which can guarantee the dependability and integrity of high-rise buildings for a century.

These walls’ primary benefits are:

1. High strength characteristics.
2. Good noise protection.
3. Fire resistance.
4. Environmental safety and biological resistance.

The requirement for thermal protection, the high cost, and the requirement for skilled builders to install are drawbacks.

Cost of work

The amount of basic and auxiliary materials that will be required for the installation process, as well as the overall cost of the work, are included in the estimate for masonry walls. Depending on the region, building height, volume of construction, and transportation interchange, the cost of building walls is 1.5 bricks.

The priciest building services available in Moscow and the nation’s northeast. Prices in other regions vary by up to 10%, but they are nearly equal.

By country region, the average cost of operations to lay 1.5 brick walls for a house is as follows:

Type of construction operation	Dimension	Rates g. Moscow	Prices g. Permian	Prices g. Severomorsk
Dismantling work on walls 1.5 bricks	rub. per m2	1100	700	900
Masonry, facing brick	rub. per m2	3200	2300	2100
Exterior wall masonry	rub. per m2	1800	1600	1700
Masonry of external walls with insulation	rub. per m2	2800	2400	2500

This section contains all of the most significant and practical information regarding the various kinds of brick walls.

Term	Description
One and a Half Brick	A brick that is larger than a standard brick, typically measuring 1.5 times its width.
Pattern	The method of laying these bricks to ensure a stable and strong wall structure.
Bonding	Staggering the bricks in each row to create a stronger bond and a more aesthetically pleasing wall.
Advantages	Provides greater stability and insulation compared to standard bricks.
Applications	Commonly used in the construction of load-bearing walls and other structural elements.

One and a half brick laying is a dependable technique for creating walls that are strong and long-lasting. This method makes walls strong enough to support large weights, which makes it perfect for building structural components like foundations. By distributing the weight uniformly and adhering to the staggered joint pattern, cracks and weaknesses are avoided.

Additionally, this technique improves a building’s thermal efficiency. Better insulation is provided by the extra thickness, which keeps interior temperatures warmer in the winter and colder in the summer. One and a half brick walls are an affordable and green option because of the potential for large-scale energy savings.

In this process, using the appropriate mortar and making sure everything is aligned precisely are essential. Careful alignment maintains the wall straight and stable, and properly mixed mortar holds the bricks together firmly. If this is done correctly and with some time, the structure will be strong and durable.

All things considered, knowing how to lay one and a half bricks is a useful construction skill. Its ability to combine strength, durability, and thermal efficiency makes it the material of choice for a lot of construction projects. You can get outstanding results that endure over time if you pay close attention to detail and use the right technique.

Video on the topic

Brickwork corner of 1.5 bricks "Multi-row dressing system" – [© masterkladki]

Laying a corner of one and a half bricks

Brickwork • Bricklaying • Brickwork • Masonry 1.5 • Brickwork technology

Laying a plinth of one and a half bricks, 5000 pcs. in just 5 hours !!!

Lesson #10.2 .Booth.Walls.Chain wall masonry in 1.5 bricks (Not facing!)