Foundation for a bath with a drain: how to make different types of foundations with your own hands

When building a bathhouse, the foundation must be carefully planned, especially if a drain system is to be included. The foundation ensures stability and longevity by acting as the essential base upon which the entire structure is supported. Ensuring the durability of your bathhouse against environmental factors and time requires building a solid foundation.

For a bathhouse with a drain, there are various foundation types that are appropriate, each with unique building techniques and advantages. The kind of foundation you need depends on a number of variables, including the composition of the soil, the climate where you live, and the particular needs of your bathroom design. You can build a sturdy and dependable foundation by making an informed choice by being aware of your options.

Every technique has its own benefits, ranging from raised timber foundations with drainage systems to conventional concrete slab foundations. Concrete slabs offer a sturdy foundation and are relatively easy to build, but raised timber foundations are adaptable and can take into account uneven terrain by varying the height and positioning of the supports.

There’s more to building a foundation with a drain than just laying concrete or installing wood supports. In order to avoid water buildup around the bathhouse, which over time may cause structural damage, proper drainage planning is essential. The foundation’s integrity is preserved by efficiently redirecting water away from it through the use of gravel beds or drainage pipes.

Types of foundations

Every kind of bath foundation base has unique qualities for the drain device. In any event, the sump—a designated pit with a gravel filter—must receive waste water discharge from the drain. We’ll go over several methods for creating a drain by hand in foundation types like strip, columnar, slab, and pile below.

Ribbon

This kind of foundation is elongated and has a plan with a closed perimeter. The reference tape may be constructed from masonry components like laughter stone, brick, or reinforced concrete, or it may be made from prefabricated reinforced concrete blocks.

The bearing capacity is defined as the maximum load per unit of the structure’s support area, and it must be less than the soil’s specific resistance. The base, which moves the weight from the structure to the earth, shouldn’t sink into the ground.

The ideal bath support area (S) is determined by comparing two parameters: the building’s weight (t) and the resistance of the soil beneath it (R). That is:

The width of the tape can be found by dividing the bath’s calculated support area by the length of the load-bearing walls’ plan perimeter. In actuality, this parameter ought to be at least 50 mm on each side greater than the carrier wall’s thickness, regardless of the outcome.

The depth of the foundation base and the height of the base portion (minimum 300 mm) make up the height of the tape. The first parameter is solely dependent on the groundwater level and the distance between the earth’s surface and the freezing point of the soil. Thus, the groundwater level and the depth at which the soil freezes determine the placement depth.

The bathhouse’s shallow foundation is visible in the picture below:

Copies of geological vertical surveys from the department of architecture and land management provide information on soil resistance, groundwater level, and soil freezing depth at the point of reference to the construction site. Should this prove unfeasible, engage the services of a nearby geological firm, whose representatives will extract soil samples through drilling and conduct experiments to ascertain all the necessary features of the soil foundation.

Crucial! The depth of the foundation base must be known in order to plan the drainage of water. The drainage pipe from the catchment bowl will be placed beneath the monolithic tape and led into a sump if the tape is shallow.

The picture below displays the drain outlet hidden by the tape:

In the event that the strip base is found to be deeper than 1.5 meters, a metal or plastic pipe measuring between 120 and 150 millimeters in diameter should be inserted into the formwork before concrete is poured in the selected direction. downward. When the foundation is prepared for use, a pipe with an ø of 100 mm will be embedded in the mass and led out into the pit.

This article will teach you how to create a bathhouse’s strip foundation by hand.

Columnar

Instead of using a strip support, developers are turning to columnar foundations in order to save money on materials. Different materials are used to make support posts. It might be:

• Reinforced concrete blocks.
• Metal, asbestos pipes filled with concrete with reinforcement.
• Pillars are also erected from brick, wild and rubble stone.

During the design phase, load-bearing walls’ perimeters are framed with pillars at each corner, and the spaces between them are filled with supports spaced one to 1.5 meters apart. The area of the head of one column is divided by the estimated area of the bathhouse support to determine the ideal number of columns. The method for determining the pillars’ depth is the same as that used for a strip foundation.

The bathhouse structure itself rises above the ground, creating an underground space, which is the peculiarity of columnar supports. The drain pipe is removed from directly beneath the bathhouse, pulled outward, and its end is submerged in the sump. The whole length of the water pipeline must be kept at an inclined angle to avoid water stagnation.

Attention: The settling tank is positioned below the freezing depth of the soil in order to keep the discharged contaminated water from freezing in the winter and to purify it by passing through gravel. Water will therefore freely flow into the soil because groundwater will be below the pit’s bottom.

Slab

For a bathhouse, a monolithic slab is placed in locations with weak soils that reach very deep levels. Large-scale piles are needed for this, which the developer will never consent to for financial reasons.

With the estimated person and snow load, the supporting reinforced concrete platform allows for the minimum specific load from the entire bath structure to be obtained, allowing the structure on the slab to "float" on the earth’s surface.

When building a reinforced concrete disk, they attempt to ensure that a large diameter pipe embedded in the monolith mass serves as the exit point for the pipe from beneath the bath into the external sump. Otherwise, they arrange a high base so as not to "disturb" the array of slabs. This makes it possible to install all drain fittings underground, with the plinth wall serving as the outlet.

You can make a slab foundation for a bathroom with a drain by watching this video:

Pile

Where weak soil layers must be removed to create a strong, dependable soil foundation, a pile foundation is built. The weight of the building is directly transferred to solid ground by piles.

Monolithic, bored metal, and even wooden piles are examples of driven supports. The load-bearing capacity of the pile is typically indicated by the manufacturer in the documentation that comes with it. Based on this, the total load from the structure is divided by the load-bearing capacity of a single support to determine the number of driven supports.

There is no distinction between the drainage system for a sauna on a columnar foundation and one on a pile foundation.

Peculiarities. There should be a clause stating that during the winter, the water in the drain fittings beneath the bathhouse building must not freeze. To do this, sheet material (plywood, corrugated sheets, sandwich, etc.) is used to cover the subterranean area around the building’s perimeter.

It’s important to note this kind of foundation for structures, like a pile-screw foundation, separately. The most widely used supports for building bathhouses these days are screw piles (how to install a bathhouse on screw piles?).

Any soil, with the exception of rocky soil, can have screw supports installed. The drainage device for screw piles is the same as for pile and columnar foundations because they also leave free subterranean space beneath the bathhouse.

Screw piles with caps look like this:

The best option for a steam room

A shallow foundation is the ideal choice for a bathhouse’s supporting base. This structure is lightweight and strong enough to support the weight of a two-story building.

Note: Pour-out floors are installed to guarantee that water from the washing and steam compartments flows down freely.

Their unique feature is that there are spaces between the floorboards because they are nailed to the joists. As a result, the restroom floors are always fairly dry. There’s a previously constructed concrete bowl beneath the boardwalk. There is a drain at the lowest point, and a drain pipe leading into a sump is attached to it.

Take a look at the image below to see what sheer floors in a bathroom look like:

The following is a thesis statement for your paper, "How to Make Different Types of Foundations with Your Hands: Foundation for a Bath with a Drain": Sturdiness and functionality of a bathhouse depend on the construction of a strong foundation with drainage. This guide takes the guesswork out of the process by providing step-by-step instructions for building different kinds of foundations that you can confidently take on as a do-it-yourself project. Discover how to build a sturdy base that will guarantee your bathhouse endures the test of time, from concrete slab designs to gravel-filled trenches.

Organization of water drainage

There are some guidelines that you must follow in order to arrange a drain in a restroom. Sewer pipes with diameters of 50 mm and 110 mm may be utilized. The first ones are meant to be used for feces water drainage.

Regarding a note. If the room does not have a toilet, 50 mm pipelines will suffice to drain the water from the steam and laundry rooms.

Depending on the type of foundation, the communication route for discharging contaminated water may diverge and go from the washing station to the settling tank. Mineral wool mats are used as insulation in the sewer pipes that lead outdoors and up to the sump tank entrance, preventing water from freezing during the winter. The process of draining water from the bathhouse varies depending on the particular situation.

For tape

The drain pipe beneath the tape can be removed with a shallow tape base. As a result, the bathhouse’s water drainage system is installed after the tape has been put up.

However, if the base is laid deeply, a large diameter pipe through section must be laid beforehand in the array, into which the drainage conduit is subsequently pulled. I position the water seal as near to the bathhouse drain’s outlet as I can.

For pillars and piles

The bathhouse’s spillway descends through a columnar and pile foundation. There is a water seal put in the basement area.

An organization of a bathhouse drain in a pile foundation is demonstrated in this video report:

For stove

There are two possible configurations for the building’s water drainage system when a slab base is installed:

• In the first case, I pre-lay a PVC pipe into the formwork, which will then be filled with concrete mortar.
• In another option, a plinth is installed at such a height that the sewer pipe is inclined at a sufficient angle for rapid water drainage. A siphon (hydraulic seal) is cut into the pipe there.

Foundation Type	Construction Method
Concrete Slab Foundation	Dig a trench, lay gravel, pour concrete slab, reinforce with steel bars.
Concrete Block Foundation	Excavate, lay concrete blocks with mortar, reinforce with vertical and horizontal bars.
Screw Pile Foundation	Drill holes, screw in piles to required depth, connect with steel beams, adjust height.

The stability and longevity of a bath are largely dependent on the construction of a strong foundation with adequate drainage. You can make sure your bath endures the test of time by being aware of the various foundation types you can use.

A concrete slab foundation offers simplicity and durability to those who are thinking about it. Make sure the site is level and compacted before starting. As you install the formwork, make sure it is strengthened with steel mesh to keep the concrete contained. Pour the concrete evenly, level it, and give it enough time to cure for the maximum amount of solidity.

If you decide to go with a strip foundation, begin by excavating a trench all the way around the bathroom. Make sure the trench is both wide enough to accept the foundation width and deep enough to reach stable soil. To securely support the bath structure, fill the trench with concrete, reinforce it with steel bars, and level the top surface.

When less disturbance is desired or the ground is uneven, a pier foundation offers a flexible solution. Make strategic holes where the bath’s corners or load-bearing walls will be located. For effective bath framework support, fill these holes with concrete and insert steel piers or precast concrete.

Choosing the right foundation type requires careful consideration of drainage issues. To properly manage groundwater, include drainage pipes or gravel beneath the foundation. This stops the accumulation of water, which over time could weaken the stability of your bath.

These techniques will enable you to confidently build a bath foundation that will guarantee stability and longevity, giving you a strong foundation for years of pleasure and relaxation.

Video on the topic

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