Technology for building a cellar in a private house

Constructing a cellar in your personal residence can be a fulfilling undertaking that enhances the functional and visual appeal of your house. Gaining extra storage, turning a space into a comfortable retreat, or storing wine all depend on your ability to comprehend the key technologies and techniques involved. This guide will ensure that you have a strong foundation for your project by guiding you through the necessary steps and considerations for building a cellar.

First and foremost, preparation is key. The location, size, and use of the cellar must be determined. The materials and techniques you choose for construction will be influenced by these choices. To create a dry and comfortable environment, whether you’re excavating a new space or converting an existing one, your plans should consider elements like insulation, ventilation, and moisture control.

Let’s move on to the topics of excavation and structural support. If you’re starting from scratch, building a solid foundation requires careful excavation. In order to avoid water problems, you should also consider drainage and waterproofing. Building a sturdy, dependable cellar that endures over time can be facilitated by the use of the appropriate materials and technologies.

After the fundamental framework is established, concentrate on the final details. If needed, this also entails setting up lighting, shelves, and climate control systems. These components add to your cellar’s overall appeal in addition to improving its functionality. A thoughtfully designed and executed new cellar can add value and versatility to your house.

What to consider before building a cellar

Many factors need to be taken into account before designing an underground storage facility, including:

1. Stable temperature conditions, at any time of the day or year, are achieved at a depth of 3 meters underground.
2. It is better not to build underground storage facilities near trees. Their roots are difficult to remove, and if this is not done, they can destroy the walls of the cellar.
3. In a recessed or semi-recessed basement, it is recommended to separate the entrance door and stairs with a small vestibule.
4. For storage it is better to use wooden boxes or racks. Since the tree, unlike metal, does not carry heat or cold so quickly.
5. Air circulation is the only way to resist the formation of moisture in the basement. To achieve it, you should not push the racks directly to the walls, it is better to leave a small gap of 5 centimeters.
6. Smoked soil – an excellent floor for proper adjustment of the temperature regime.
7. For the convenience of tracking the condition of the cellar, the thermometer and the hydrometer should be installed in it.

You should consider going into the basement separately. You can construct a tiny vestibule as well as a cellar directly on the street. Although it saves space, entering from the top is not a secure option.

Choosing the material of the future cellar

The basement’s material selection ought to be determined by:

• tasks that are facing the underground repository;
• construction conditions: the size of the premises and the quality of the soil;
• budget allocated for the construction.

Selecting the appropriate material for the task should come before considering how to build a basement.

Brick cellar

Brick is a dependable natural material that can be used to create any kind of subterranean storage. Basement construction works on a similar principle to ground work. It is preferable to use only "Zheleznyak," or burnt red brick, when constructing a cellar.

Be aware that underground work does not use silicate brick.

If you’re wondering how to build a cellar in your country home that will last for several decades, concrete subterranean storage is a great option. Such a cellar can last a hundred years or more with proper design and construction. Additionally, concrete is a great option for highly humid soil. Water that moves through the soil is kept at bay by the monolithic cellar.

Take note: Concrete walls need to be wider than 10 centimeters. The structure’s overall strength will rise as a result.

The mixture needs to be taken extra care of when building a concrete basement. Subterranean work is performed using B45 concrete. It is waterproof in this kind.

Blocks of foam for the cellar

Because foam absorbs all moisture, it is advised to use foam blocks only in dry soil applications. As a result, foam concrete subterranean rooms frequently experience flooding. Additionally, during the winter, water in the walls of the basement freezes, causing cracks to appear on the walls.

The material used is polypropylene with a thickness of one centimeter. A metal frame supports the plastic basement, preventing it from collapsing under the weight of the dirt. These cellars are completely equipped with extra features like a wooden staircase, food storage drawers and shelves, ventilation, a waterproof light, a thermometer, and a hydrometer. These vendors of underground storage facilities provide a variety of equipment. Some of the "finished" cellars have a concrete or wooden floor that sits directly on top of the plastic bottom.

Cellar construction technology

A drawing should be the first step in any construction. You can find a diagram online that demonstrates how to build a cellar. Only the drawings that match the chosen material should be chosen.

Learning how to build a cellar correctly is important before you begin construction, as it is preferable to handle any challenging situations during the planning phase.

Excavated pit

Any subterranean storage system starts with a pit. This is an excavated pit that will eventually be converted into a basement. An excavator is the most straightforward piece of equipment to use when creating a pit. However, the excavation is occasionally carried out by hand if the cellar is not intended to be very deep.

Be careful to secure the walls of the excavated excavation when working with a pit. The purpose of doing this is to stop the soil from slipping. It’s risky work with loose walls.

The pit is left for a minimum of one day after it is prepared. Here’s how to determine if the soil has a high moisture content. If they are found in the pit, the excavation should be dug down an additional half meter, and the floor should be packed down with a layer of clay. They quickly create a clay bedding and pack construction sand into "dry" pits.

Foundation

The foundation is also laid when constructing a cellar. Not the concrete foundation, but the entire weight of the underground storage facility is what this is done to support. If there is more groundwater than surface water, a basement without floor reinforcement could flood or collapse.

Technology used in the construction of basement foundations:

1. Prepare a sublayer of crushed stone up to 15 centimeters high.
2. Place soft clay on top.
3. Pour a reinforced concrete slab up to 10 centimeters wide.
4. Wait a day.
5. Install insulation from precipitation and moisture (if necessary).
6. Pour a second layer of concrete slab with metal rods, the width of which reached a size of up to 15 centimeters.

The final foundation should extend 10–20 centimeters beyond the exterior measurements of the subterranean storage facility. It is preferable to determine the measurements prior to basement construction.

Walling

Wall construction is the next phase. The material that is chosen to build the underground storage facility will determine the construction technology. The guidelines for basement construction are the same as those for general construction.

Take note: Don’t overlook contemporary additions to binder mixtures when building walls. They impart water-repellent qualities to the material.

Building a stone cellar out of rubble is one exception. This kind of masonry has thinner seams than typical. Wall settlement is prevented in this way. To facilitate easier plastering in the future, a portion of the seam inside the rubble stone masonry has been left empty.

Following construction, a 1:1 mixture of cement and sand should be applied to the interior of the walls. If the basement is to be painted white, lime should be used in conjunction with a mixture of copper sulfate.

Waterproofing

Waterproofing is the most challenging – for those who first succeed – component of building any basement.

Note: After the first winter, when snowmelt starts to melt and the water in the soil turns into more water, the effectiveness of waterproofing can be assessed. individuals who contemplate building a cellar by hand. Skipping this step of the heating unit construction process is not advised because subterranean storage facilities without drains frequently experience high humidity, condensation, and wet floors.

Two varieties of waterproofing exist:

1. Barrier.
2. Penetrating.

A barrier keeps moisture from penetrating the basement walls. However, protection is lost due to ground movements or large roots, and moisture enters the cellar through cracks.

Applying penetrating waterproofing from within the basement, it functions by plugging wall fissures in the basement. In the concrete coating, protective crystals emerge, and a unique gel forms in the brickwork. While maintaining air circulation, penetrating insulation totally prevents moisture from entering the subterranean storage.

Ladder

It’s important to keep in mind that a basement staircase will be utilized for more than just getting up and down; it will also be used to transport canned goods, fruits, and vegetables. As a result, figuring out the step parameters is crucial. A maximum height of 200 millimeters is advised.

The type of basement determines the stairwell’s design completely. Underground rooms with a horizontal hatch are equipped with a staircase without risers. Metal or wood are the preferred materials. Since there is a 60–70 degree inclination, handrails are also a good idea.

It is preferable to build stairs out of more resilient materials, like concrete, brick, or cinder blocks, for basements with vestibules. The structure’s foundation is made of leveled soil. On request, railings can be installed.

Overlap

The following materials are used to make the ceiling:

• wood;
• reinforced concrete or metal slabs;
• concrete pouring.

Wooden floors have essentially become obsolete because of their propensity to decay. On the other hand, if the floor is still being built using wooden structures, the material must first be cleaned of any bark residues before being waterproofed using roofing material or bitumen coating.

The most common type of flooring is poured concrete supported by a frame for reinforcement. The area of the basement and the soil that covers the cellar above determine the layer’s thickness. However, the concrete slab’s parameter shouldn’t go above 30 centimeters.

Compaction is required the first time the layer is filled. After that, waterproof the ceiling. Cover the entire structure with a layer of dirt.

Ventilation

Ventilation pipes in subterranean storage facilities come in two primary varieties:

1. Supply – serves for circulation of cold air at the floor of the basement.
2. Exhaust-displaces warm moisture from under the ceiling of the cellar.

Take note! To provide ventilation, switch the plastic pipes and taps to them at 45 and 90 degrees. Ventilation opening diameter starting at 10 centimeters.

The cellar has exhaust and support pipes placed in two different corners. He uses a damper to control air circulation.

Power supply

Use the PR wire to install a stationary and mobile power supply to the cellar. Installing traffic sensors for electric bulbs will also not be unnecessary if you want the cellar light to turn on automatically.

Note: The only lighting in underground storage is provided by lamps for your own personal safety.

Installing outlets inside the cellar is not advised because the moisture in the air has the potential to short circuit the power source. Installing light switches inside the home or in the vestibule is preferable.

Technology	Description
Site Preparation	Excavating the area and setting up proper drainage to prevent water accumulation.
Foundation	Building a solid foundation using reinforced concrete to support the cellar walls.
Wall Construction	Constructing walls with durable materials like concrete blocks or poured concrete for stability and insulation.
Flooring	Laying down a waterproof floor with adequate drainage to keep the cellar dry.
Ventilation	Installing vents or an air circulation system to prevent moisture buildup and ensure good air quality.
Waterproofing	Applying sealants and waterproof coatings to walls and floors to keep out moisture.

Constructing a cellar can significantly increase the value and usability of your private residence. You can design a room that meets your needs, whether they are for extra living space, storage, or a wine cellar, with the correct technology and planning. In order to guarantee that your cellar stays dry and structurally sound, it is imperative to begin with a strong foundation, taking into account variables such as soil type and water table levels.

Selecting the appropriate tools and methods is essential. A comfortable environment can be ensured and moisture problems can be avoided with the use of modern waterproofing solutions and appropriate ventilation systems. Using cutting-edge construction techniques and investing in premium materials can significantly impact your cellar’s usability and longevity.

Constructing a cellar is ultimately a fulfilling project that raises the value and adaptability of your house. You can design a practical and pleasurable space that will serve you well for many years to come by adhering to best practices and utilizing modern technologies. Have fun constructing!

Using the newest technology during a private home’s cellar construction project can streamline and expedite the procedure. The durability and functionality of the cellar are improved and construction is streamlined by the use of contemporary tools and techniques, such as cutting-edge waterproofing solutions and sophisticated excavation machinery. Homeowners can make sure their cellar is well-designed, safe, and ideal for their needs—whether they are for storage, a wine cellar, or a useful living area—by utilizing these technologies.

Video on the topic

Cellar in the house

Construction of a cellar in conditions of high groundwater. DIY // FORUMHOUSE

How to make a cellar with your own hands. Construction of a cellar with ventilation and waterproofing, insulation

How to build a cellar. Make a cellar with your own hands. Production from A to Z. How to build a cell.

Cellar in the house. How to make a cellar with your own hands?

Cellar under the terrace. Not in the house!!!

Is it worth making a cellar in the house??