Pros and cons of the category of land in settlements (ZNP)

Knowing the type of land you want to build on is essential when selecting a plot of land. The land category within settlements known as ZNP (Zone of Neighborhood Planning) is important to real estate and urban planning. Everything from the kind of building you can build to the amenities you will have access to can be influenced by this category.

Areas designated for residential use are usually given the ZNP designation. This implies that purchasing a piece of property in a ZNP zone could be a great option if you’re looking to build a home. These places are typically well-served by public transportation, hospitals, and educational institutions. Families and individuals looking for comfort and convenience find them highly desirable because they frequently have established infrastructure.

There are, however, a few drawbacks to take into account. Because of its excellent location and the advantages it provides, land in ZNP zones may cost more. There may also be more stringent building laws and restrictions on the kinds of buildings you can construct. Knowing these benefits and drawbacks will enable you to decide if a ZNP plot is the best option for your requirements.

Pros	Cons
Access to essential utilities and services	Higher land and property costs
Better infrastructure and connectivity	Potential for noise and pollution
Proximity to schools, hospitals, and shops	Limited space for large gardens or outdoor activities
Potential for higher property value appreciation	More regulations and zoning restrictions
Availability of public transport	Increased traffic and congestion

What categories are there??

Apart from the "land of settlements" classification, there exist other classifications that are assigned based on the authorized uses of the land. It is clear that two uses of the space cannot occur simultaneously:

• for growing forests,
• railway laying,
• growing wheat,
• construction of a multi-storey residential complex.

There are legislative land division categories in place to:

• delimit the possibilities of land use,
• minimize harmful consequences,
• provide the necessary procedures for the protection and renewal of land.

More information Here is where you can read about the various types of land.

• Agricultural land is the most valuable. These fertile areas are intended for cultivating crops and raising livestock. First of all, they are allocated for farming, and the rest – for other purposes.
• water fund lands – the bottom of reservoirs and lands occupied by technical and other water-related structures.
• reserve lands – empty lands on the territory of the state, the use of which requires a change in category.

This article describes every method for determining a land plot’s category. Using a cadastral number is the most basic method.

What is ZNP?

Lands of settlements (LNP) are areas that are estimated for the development and enlargement of areas inhabited by people who use them as indicated, i.e., in a densely populated manner.

A commonly asked question is: What is "settlement land," and is it the same as ZNP or not?

The designation "settlement land" has replaced the previous category of land.

It should be noted that the terms "settlement" and "settlement" are not interchangeable; a settlement may consist of multiple settlements.

It is evident from the definition that construction is presumed to occur on this type of land, and that urban planning regulations also apply to this activity. Read this article to learn more about the types of land that are suitable for construction.

Settlements are classified as follows based on their size, population, and other characteristics:

NPs may be included in a municipality, which is a region under the purview of particular local authorities.

The ZNP land category is unique in that it includes the placement of items (such as transportation, specially protected objects, and agriculture) on its grounds that technically fall under other categories but are part of the ZNP because they protect the livelihoods of populated areas.

Borders

The border is a "line" that divides the area from the lands of other species.

The NP’s borders ought to be drawn so as to avoid crossing over into municipalities’ borders or areas that are open to the public.

The primary records of the municipalities contain records of both the original approval and subsequent modifications to the NP’s boundaries.

Depending on the local government, this document could be:

• general plan,
• spatial planning schemes.

Cities with special status are designated by a different order of boundary changes:

1. Moscow,
2. St. Petersburg,
3. Sevastopol.

Federation Council has given them approval.

There wouldn’t be any changes to the rights to this plot if any plot from one NP "moved" to a nearby one.

Lands belonging to other people cannot be included in the boundaries of a populated area; hence, when boundaries are transferred, the category of the land changes (either adjacent lands become NP lands, or NP lands move to another category).

There is suburban land surrounding the settlement; it is not part of the village’s boundaries but serves as a sort of "reserve" in case NP expands.

Not every area is appropriate for establishing a settlement. This includes places that have flooded and those where efforts are being made to protect wildlife, for instance.

Composition and zoning

In densely populated areas, infrastructure is expected to be present in addition to housing units, guaranteeing the settlement’s regular operations.

• schools,
• transport,
• shops and other.

Similar infrastructure zones are a feature of any modern settlement.

Zoning

In densely populated areas, distinct zones may exist:

• residential – it is planned to build residential houses (individual, low-rise, mid-rise, multi-story, etc.).) and household objects. Land for gardening may also be located within the residential zone.
• public and business Zone – objects for public use in the field of administration (for example, courts, buildings of government), education (for example, kindergarten, university), social sphere (for example, boarding school), cultural sphere (for example, museum, gallery) and other.
• production – construction of industrial facilities (for example, warehouse, factory),
• engineering and transport infrastructure – first of all, transport facilities of various types (river, pipeline, railway, etc.) are being built in these zones.).
• recreational – a recreation area where there are gardens, parks, squares, ponds, etc.
• agricultural – occupied by agricultural objects (for example, stables, arable land).
• accommodation area military facilities – facilities that ensure the safety and security of residents (for example, a military unit),
• other zones.

It’s crucial to understand that agricultural land and agricultural land of settlements (NP) are two distinct categories of land.

The fact that a land plot cannot be in more than one zone at once is taken into consideration when zoning a territory.

Town planning regulations

Special rules also govern the use of the category of settlement lands.

The land use and development regulations include town planning regulations, which set forth permissible uses for the land.

The following variables are taken into consideration when determining the regulations for particular territorial zones:

• origin,
• history of development,
• location,
• possibility of carrying out various types of activities, etc.

The land plot’s plane as well as everything above and below the surface, including the subsurface, are subject to the requirements of urban planning documentation, which also governs the process of building construction and ongoing operations.

VRI

Do not rush into building on a plot of land that falls under the land category of "land of populated areas." The land’s more specific Types of Permitted Use (VRI) are listed in addition to its intended use.

They set restrictions on what can be done on a particular piece of land. VRI is documented in a unique document—an order from the Russian Federation’s Ministry of Economic Development.

The concept of land and VRI are not the same. There might be multiple VRI for lands in the same category.

VRI is offered by the classifier for all land categories.

In the case of VRI "low-rise residential development" (housing for individual needs; cottages), for instance, building housing that won’t be split up into apartments for various families is involved, along with associated activities:

• Creation of gardens,
• flower beds,
• Construction of garages and other utility rooms.

Furthermore, the most typical feature of the land category, VRI "multi-storey residential development (high-rise buildings)," denotes high-rise residential construction (beginning at nine stories), where each house has multiple apartments. The ennolation of the areas surrounding the houses and other activities are permitted, even within the parameters of this VRI.

Here is more information about the VRI classifier.

Code

Land category code: 003002000000, which classifies lands inhabited by settlements.

For developers and homeowners, the land in settlements (ZNP) category has advantages as well as disadvantages. Positively, ZNP land is usually well-served by utilities, public transportation, and other infrastructure, which makes it an excellent choice for both residential and commercial projects. On the other hand, the drawbacks include more expensive zoning and urban planning requirements as well as more stringent regulations. Anyone wishing to purchase or develop land in these areas must be aware of these benefits and drawbacks in order to make an informed decision that fits their objectives and financial situation.

Video on the topic

Watch the video below for more details about the settlement lands:

There are several benefits and drawbacks to land inside settlements (ZNP) that can have a big influence on your choices about real estate and development. Access to well-established services and infrastructure is one of the main advantages, improving daily living and possibly raising property values. Furthermore, residing in a ZNP frequently entails being a part of a community that has access to facilities like schools, hospitals, and other necessities.

But there are also significant disadvantages to take into account. Because ZNP properties are found in developed areas, their costs may be higher. Strict zoning laws may also restrict the kinds of constructions or modifications you are able to carry out, which could limit your plans for development or renovation. In comparison to more rural settings, the higher population density that characterizes these areas can also result in increased noise and decreased privacy.

Making wise decisions requires an understanding of ZNP properties’ advantages and disadvantages. Assessing these variables will assist you in navigating the intricacies of land use within settlements, regardless of your goals—building a new house, making real estate investments, or just learning more about the workings of your neighborhood. Your priorities and lifestyle requirements will ultimately direct you toward the option that is most appropriate for your situation.

Video on the topic

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