A contemporary and practical option that is becoming more and more common in building and remodeling projects are adhered floor beams. These beams are made of engineered wood, which is made up of layers of wood veneers or fibers joined together by adhesive at high temperatures and pressures. The end product is a material that is more robust, stable, and adaptable than conventional solid wood beams in many ways.
Gglued floor beams come in a variety of forms, each intended to fulfill particular structural demands and performance standards. Laminated veneer lumber (LVL) beams are incredibly strong and dimensionally stable due to the thin layers of wood veneers that are bonded together. Another variety, called glued laminated timber (glulam), is composed of layers of solid wood boards that have been glued together. In some applications, the strength of this type of wood is equivalent to that of steel.
The installation of glued floor beams requires meticulous preparation and execution. Glidden beams provide more consistent dimensions and predictable performance compared to traditional solid wood beams, which may be smaller and more prone to twisting or warping. They are perfect for a variety of structural applications in both residential and commercial construction because they can be tailored to meet precise specifications.
The sustainability of glued floor beams is one of their main benefits. Manufacturers may optimize the use of timber resources, minimize waste, and encourage environmental responsibility by using adhesive to join smaller pieces of wood. Furthermore, the production process frequently uses wood from forests that are responsibly managed, which adds to the glued beams’ eco-friendly appeal.
Types of Glued Floor Beams | Glued floor beams are typically categorized into two types: laminated veneer lumber (LVL) and glued laminated timber (glulam). LVL beams are made by bonding thin wood veneers together under heat and pressure, creating a strong composite material. Glulam beams, on the other hand, are made by bonding together layers of solid dimensional lumber, such as 2×4 or 2×6 boards. Both types offer excellent strength and stability, suitable for various construction needs. |
Installation Features | Installing glued floor beams involves careful planning and precise execution. They are usually installed using bolts, screws, or nails to secure them in place according to structural engineering specifications. Proper alignment and support during installation are crucial to ensure the beams carry loads effectively and maintain structural integrity over time. Professionals often handle the installation to guarantee safety and compliance with building codes. |
- Concept and production
- Scope of application of timber materials
- Varieties
- By purpose
- By wood type
- By type of design
- Requirements
- Characteristics
- Calculation of wooden material
- Installation
- Pros and cons of use for buildings
- average price
- Video on the topic
- Fastening wooden floor joists at the same level with the strapping belt #shorts
- Glued beams with OSB – what manufacturers are silent about
- Installation of I-beams
- Forget about floor slabs. Correct wooden beams.
Concept and production
Similar to the process used to produce wooden beams, laminated wood beam production involves multiple stages of technology:
- Drying wood. After sawing, the material undergoes forced drying.
- Elimination of boughs, rot, damaged areas.
- Fitting and splicing of lamellas (components of beams/timbers).
- Gluing, pressing.
A sturdy timber of a particular section is the end product of these manipulations.
The manufacturing of wooden goods is limited to the factory and requires specialized machinery. The lumber goes through additional processing after it is produced.
Prior to being put into use, all laminated timber structures are examined to ensure they comply with SNiP II-25-80. The certification process for this kind of lumber is contingent upon meeting the GOST 20850-84 requirements for laminated veneer lumber.
The number of lamellas needed to construct a single beam floor is not specified by any standard, so the width of the section is directly influenced by the lumber’s production technology.
Scope of application of timber materials
Adhesive material is extensively utilized in the building of homes because of its technical properties. There are wooden structures:
- when installing interfloor ceilings;
- in the process of arranging a wooden floor;
- when installing an attic.
Products from various sections are chosen for each application based on the load on the lumber.
Varieties
Floor glulam beams are categorized based on a number of factors, including the material’s intended use, construction style, and type of wood.
By purpose
Lumber occurs in accordance with its intended use, or use cases:
- basement, basement: used in arranging floor coverings;
- interfloor: used when installing interfloor ceilings;
- attic: used when arranging ceilings.
By wood type
In essence, softwood floor beams with load bearing capacity:
Maple, oak, and birch can be used; however, their moisture content shouldn’t go above 14%.
Another useful material for manufacturing is larch. Nonetheless, flooring applications are advised for the final products derived from this breed. Since larch is heavy, low-rise construction cannot rationally use such products for attic or interfloor floors.
By type of design
The cross-section of wooden beams varies and can be:
- rectangular. The product has equal opposite sides. When installing, it is recommended to place the long side of the product vertically, and the short side horizontally;
- square. All sides of the product have the same dimensions, which is not very convenient when arranging floors;
- oval/round. Lumber is usually used when installing attic floors;
- I-beams. The design is made up of elements widened at the bottom and top, with a maximally reduced middle.
I-beams are expensive and custom-made, so they are not often used.
Requirements
The wood that is used to create glued beams needs to fulfill specific specifications, such as:
- strength (the ability of the material to withstand various loads);
- rigidity (resistance of the material to bending);
- fire safety (treatment of wood with special fire-resistant compounds);
- heat and sound insulation.
Conditions have to be followed to the letter. If not, the building’s stability might be compromised, making it unsafe for people to occupy.
Adhesive floor beams are a contemporary innovation in the building and renovation industry that improve structural efficiency and strength. These beams, which are typically composed of glued-together layers of wood, are available in a variety of types to meet different architectural requirements and load capacities. In order to guarantee correct alignment and support, their installation necessitates meticulous planning, which frequently calls for expert craftsmanship and adherence to particular regulations. For builders looking to maximize longevity and performance in their construction projects, it is essential to comprehend the varieties and installation characteristics of glued floor beams.
Characteristics
Although floor beams come in various sizes, the following are the most common:
- 100×100;
- 100×250;
- 150×150-150×250 mm.
Products can also vary in length, ranging from 60 cm to 18 m. The most often used lengths are 12 and 6 meters.
Calculation of wooden material
The beam’s cross-section should resemble a tenth of the future span’s width, according to SNiP. To avoid lengthy computations, please consult the unique table AND. Stoyanova. For instance, a cross-section of 12 by 20 centimeters is advised if the span is 5 meters and the load is 250 kg.
Load, kg/linear.m. | Cross-section of laminated veneer lumber at span length, m | ||||||
3 | 3.5 | 4 | 4.5 | 5 | 5.5 | 6 | |
150 | 50×140 | 50×160 | 60×180 | 80×180 | 80×200 | 100×200 | 100×220 |
200 | 50×160 | 50×180 | 70×180 | 70×200 | 100×200 | 120×220 | 140×220 |
250 | 60×160 | 60×180 | 70×200 | 100×200 | 120×200 | 140×220 | 160×220 |
350 | 70×160 | 70×180 | 80×200 | 100×220 | 120×220 | 160×220 | 200×220 |
GOST specifies the distance between rafters, which can range from 50 cm to 1 m.
Installation
It’s best to be aware of and mindful of certain nuances when arranging floors made of glued beams.
- The first structures are mounted at a distance of at least 5 cm from the wall, the step between the beams is maintained according to the calculations.
- The logs are laid along the entire thickness of the walls. The gaps between them are recommended to be filled with bricks, blocks, laying a rough floor on top.
- Fastening the walls to the floors is carried out by anchoring the ends of the beams into the walls.
- Fixing of lumber is carried out with clamps, brackets, bolts along the length, width, at an angle.
- To increase the strength of the building, it is necessary to increase the cross-sectional area. This is done with edged boards using additional beams.
- In rooms with high humidity, it is recommended to leave ceiling beams with open.
- The step of anchors can be done through the beam, less often – it is not recommended.
Pros and cons of use for buildings
You should educate yourself on the benefits and drawbacks of lumber before deciding to prioritize floor beams composed of laminated veneer lumber.
The indisputable benefits consist of:
- high strength;
- environmental friendliness;
- reliability;
- variety of sizes;
- resistance to ultraviolet radiation and atmospheric factors;
- long service life provided proper installation;
- acceptable price.
However, there are some drawbacks to lumber that should be considered:
- flammability;
- the need to make accurate calculations;
- the need to attract additional equipment for large structures;
- lamellas may burst if manufacturing conditions are violated.
average price
Laminated lumber composed of softwood costs roughly the same on average. Other elements that affect the ultimate cost are:
- product quality;
- cross-sectional area;
- manufacturer.
The following table shows the average cost of glued beams per 1 m 3:
Beam size | Price for 1 m 3 | |||
Height, cm | Width, cm | Length, m | Processed on 2 sides | Finished on 4 sides |
8.5-22.5 | 9.5; 14.5; 19.5 | 1-6 | 20000 | 21000 |
6-18 | 21000 | 22000 | ||
8-24 | 9, 14, 19 | 1-6 | 24000 | 25000 |
6-18 | 26500 | 28000 | ||
9, 14, 19 | 1-6 | 28000 | 29500 | |
6-18 | 30000 | 30000 | ||
25-48 | 20,22,24,26 | 1-6 | 31000 | 33000 |
9,14,19 | 6-18 | 34000 | 38000 | |
1-6 | 37500 | 38800 | ||
6-18 | 38000 | 39700 | ||
49-112 | 20,22,24,26 | 1-6 | 40000 | 41000 |
6-18 | 42500 | 44000 |
When it comes to structural components in building and renovation projects, adhered floor beams offer a contemporary and effective solution. These are engineered wood products, created by applying high pressure and adhesives to join layers of wood. Compared to conventional solid wood beams, the strength and stability of these beams are increased during the manufacturing process, reducing their susceptibility to twisting or warping.
Gglued floor beams come in a variety of forms, each designed to meet particular structural specifications. Laminated veneer lumber (LVL) beams are incredibly strong and dependable because they are made of thin wood veneer layers that are bonded together. Long, thin wood strands are bonded together to create parallel strand lumber (PSL) beams, which offer strength and dimensional stability. Furthermore, layers of solid timber boards are bonded together to create glued laminated timber (glulam) beams, which combine natural beauty and structural integrity.
The installation of glued floor beams necessitates exact planning. To ensure optimum performance, they are usually custom-manufactured to match precise project dimensions and load requirements. Careful attention to detail is essential during installation to guarantee correct alignment and support, which directly affects the building’s structural integrity and longevity.
Moreover, glued floor beams have positive environmental effects. Through the efficient use of wood and the optimized utilization of materials through engineered products, they make a valuable contribution to sustainable construction practices. Because wood is a renewable resource, engineered wood products, such as glued beams, maximize its use while cutting waste, making them an environmentally friendly option for contemporary building projects.
To sum up, glued floor beams, with their exceptional strength, dimensional stability, and environmental sustainability, mark a substantial advancement in construction technology. They are perfect for a variety of applications, from big commercial buildings to residential homes, because of their dependability and versatility. Glued floor beams are still at the forefront of construction practices, providing designers and builders with a reliable way to create strong, long-lasting structures.